Self-discovery in Toni Bambora´s The Lesson and Liliana...

The diverse and powerful topic of socioeconomic can be explored to develop characters and the overall theme of a story. Two literary stories in particular, â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Bambara and â€Å"The Stolen Party† by Liliana Heker, have used socioeconomic status to create a second theme of self-discovery. The main characters in each of these two stories are young girls who discover their adult selves by the end. A low socioeconomic status was a part of each character’s character development in â€Å"The Lesson† and â€Å"The Stolen Party†, which ultimately forced them down a path of self-discovery. Good Start In both of these literary works, the low socioeconomic status of the main characters is made well known to the reader early on. This status is†¦show more content†¦She brings the children into a nice toy store and they are shocked by what they see. Soon, Sylvia and the others begin to realize the prices of some of these toys, and h ow they could never afford any of them. She says, â€Å"Who are these people that spend that much for performing clowns and $1000 for toy sailboats? What kinda work they do and how they live and how come we aint in on it?† This quote indicates Sylvia’s realization that while she is struggling to afford necessary basics to survive, some people in the city are so rich that they can spend excessive amounts of money on just toys. Going into the toy store was Sylvia’s moment of self-discovery in the story, and more specifically, her moment of discovering an adult self. She grew up a little that day as Miss Moore’s lesson finally got through to her. As a naà ¯ve child, she did not find it important to listen to what the lesson was. But, once she saw a real example, she became upset and overwhelmed with confusion. The lesson finally made sense to her and applied to her life. Sylvia’s economic status allowed her to make this difficult self-discovery. In à ¢â‚¬Å"The Stolen Party†, Rosaura is the main character, also a young girl who is financially disadvantaged. Her mother is a maid for a rich family. Rosaura is very excited to be invited to the rich family’s party for their daughter, but her mother does not share her excitement. Her mother tries to explain

The Employment Laws Of The Workplace - 974 Words

With the modern complexity of employment laws, the necessity for recording a conversation or meeting in the workplace often presents itself. With today s technology, the opportunity presents itself more easily than ever before. However, because employees rights of privacy are severely limited in the workplace, what, if anything, may an employee legally record in the workplace? Any lawful permitted use of electronic recording devices by employees in the workplace will likely be for protected concerted activity and provided by  § 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). As mentioned above, in the private workplace, the employer practically has absolute power in limiting the conduct, activity, and rights of employees. A fundamental precept of labor law is that â€Å"working time is for work.† Since audio and video recording, as well as photography have great potential for consuming work-time and distracting employees from accomplishing their work tasks, many employers promulgate policies which disallow such recording. In a recent case in December of 2015, and one of first impression, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB or Board) issued a decision in Whole Foods Market, Inc., 363 NLRB No. 87 (Dec. 24, 2015), finding for the first time that blanket or unqualified employer policies which prohibit employees from recording company meetings or conversations with other employees are unlawfully overbroad. However, the Board stated that certain circumstances do existShow MoreRelatedEmployment Laws And Its Impact On The Workplace1258 Words   |  6 Pages Employment Laws Our society is ever-changing and such is true with our work environments as well. 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The law protects you at work by setting the minimum rights you have as an employee with paid time off work the minimum you can get paid public holidays sick leave bereavement leave giving you the right to refuse to do work that would

Patient Health Evaluation Urea and Electrolyte Test

Question: Discuss about thePatient Health Evaluationfor Urea and Electrolyte Test. Answer: The case study is that of Mrs Y who is an 80 year old senior citizen with a 20 year history of diabetes (Type II), as well as hypertension. She has been experiencing difficulties in managing the diabetes over the last several years and has even had a few hypoglycaemic episodes. The doctor reduced her medication for diabetes 6 months ago with no other reported incidences of hypoglycaemia. The last recorded BGL was 7.0mmol/L which is within normal range. She is also on medication namely: Metformin for DM2; Gliclazide for DM2; and Ramipril for hypertension According to AIHW[1], chronic disease is categorized into four major groups: diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. There are also four common behaviour risks that predispose persons to the aforementioned chronic diseases namely: alcohol use, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and smoking. Between them, the chronic diseases account for 3/4 of all deaths related to chronic diseases. Diabetes has been classified as the 21st century epidemic and the leading challenge that combats the health system in Australia[2]. Without proper medical care and lifestyle changes, Mrs. Y who is diabetic, will predispose herself to untimely death due to her diabetic condition. Interpretation of Laboratory Results Urea and Electrolyte (Serum) test: patient recorded UE-creatinine 65 micromol/L. The normal range is 45-90micromol/L[3]. Hence, the patient is within normal range. The creatinine waste product is what is referred to as creatinine and which leaks from muscle tissue at a fairly constant rate. A diet high in meat will cause leaking of exogenous creatinine[4]. On a diet that is free of creatinine, excretion of the latter is constant and is in proportion to the muscle mass. Therefore, 24 hour urine creatinine as well as Serum creatinine is dependent largely on the subject's muscle mass with reference ranges pegged on this fact[5]. The patient results were: eGFR 77 mL/min/m2. This figure is within the stage 1 of kidney damage which is set at GFR = 90 ml/min/1.73m2[6]. This means that the patient is already experiencing the first stage of kidney damage with the probability of reversing the situation at nil. Liver Function Test results: LFT- ALT 72 U/L (RR31). The normal range in blood is 7-55IU/L.[7] This means the patient is way above the normal range and hence implies that her liver functioning is impaired. This essentially means that the liver cells of the patient are damaged (hepatocellular injury). Diabetic nephropathy: Diabetic nephropathy is often described with reference to excretion rate of urinary albumin (UAER): (1)the normal rates of albuminuria is where the UAER is lower than 20g/min, while the rate of albumin to creatinine (ACR) is lower than 2.5mg/mmol and 3.5mg/mmol in men and women respectively; (2) microalbuminuria is also referred to as incipient nephropathy where the UAER levels is between 20-200g/min and ACR levels lower than 2.5 to 30mg/mmol and 3.5-30mg/mmol in men and women respectively; and (3) clinical proteinuria also referred to overt or clinical nephropathy where the UAER is more than 200g/min, the levels of ACR is more than 30mg/mmol. The patient's record was urine ACR (Albumin: Creatinine Ratio) -10.7 mg/mmol (RR3.5)[8]. This means that the patient has developed microalbuminuria. HbA1c Test: The normal range for diabetics with regard to HbA1c is 48 mmol/mol (6.5%)[9]. The recorded level of Mrs. Y was 7.8 which mean that she has superseded the normal range. The blood glucose levels are high and need to be controlled. Clinical Relevance of the Test Findings and Health Chronic Kidney Disease: Removal of Creatinine from the blood is via the kidneys through the process of glomerula filtration as well as through secretion by the proximal tubes. There is little to none absorption of creatinine in the proximal tubes. Where there is deficiency in kidney filtration, the blood levels of creatinine will increase[10]. Hence, levels of creatinine on the urine or blood can be used in measuring thecreatinine clearance(CrCl). Therefore, CrCl directly correlates to the ratio of glomerula filtration (GFR). Levels of creatinine in the blood can also be used in calculating the estimated GFR[11] Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is usually as a result of pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, urological or hereditary disease, or glomerulonephritis[12].CKD refers to damage to the kidneys or reduced functionality of kidneys that occurs continually over a 3 month period. To measure kidney function, the GFR is used which puts into account the gender, race, age, and levels of serum creatinine to measure the functionality of kidneys[13]. When a person has a GFR which is lower than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2over a period of 3 months and more, they are diagnosed with CKD. The disease progresses with the diminishing of amount of nephrons. However, slowing this progression is possible in the various stages of the disease but total elimination is not possible. The goal of slowing down the process is to prevent kidney failure from developing which requires kidney transplantation or kidney failure[14]. Liver Function Test A liver function test checks the liver for several factors including: functioning of the liver which will indicate whether sufficient protein is being manufactured for normal functioning of the body; amount of blood bile pigment which is elevated in the event of a bile duct blockage or liver enzyme deficiency responsible for processing bile; liver enzymes level where elevation of the same means that the liver cells are slightly damaged or inflamed due to a number of causes[15]. ALT is the marker for hepatocellualr injury where damage to the liver cells results in sippage of ALT into the blood[16]. Elevated levels of ALT in the blood are not indicated in bile duct obstructive diseases or in cases of cholestasis. Diabetic Nephropathy Most patient who are diabetic will have normal UAER however, 1-2% of the few will develop micoalbuminuria that is persistent every year. Once the level of UAER reaches 200g/min and above, proteinuria increases relentlessly and may lead to the nephrotic level with GFR declining progressively with the rate dependent on control of blood pressure. HbA1c Test The termHbA1cis in reference to glycatedhemoglobin. This occurs when the red blood cells protein hemoglobin carrying oxygen combines with blood glucose to become glycated[17]. By taking measurements of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), it becomes possible to identify the amount of circulating glucose in the blood over the past weeks or months. This test is necessary for diabetics as a high level of glycated blood is potentially catastrophic[18]. By improving the HbA1c levels by as little as 1% (which is equivalent to 11 mmol/mol)for persons with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, reduces their risk of complications (micro vascular) by 25% [19]. These micovascular complications include: Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease)[20] Discussion ofTest Performance Liver Function Test Utilization: The test is done when symptoms of liver disorder manifest or when one is exposed to substances that can potentially damage the liver for example an overdose of paracetamol Current indications: Blood sample is tested for levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, ALP, Albumin, and total protein. High levels of ALT and AST indicates liver disease or liver cell damage. High levels of bilirubin means bile duct blockage which in turn increases levels of ALP. Low levels of Albumin and consequent high levels of total protein means extensive loss of tissue from the liver Accuracy: abnormal results can be due to burns, shock, muscle trauma, severe infection, pregnancy, or severs muscle damage from exercises[21] Limitations: the tests do not give the exact cause of the liver disease. In addition, medication can interfere with eh final results[22]. HbA1c Test Utilization: Used in testing persons with diabetes and form basis of treatment options. It also used to diagnose T2DM. Current indications. Blood sample is tested to find the amount of glucose that is combined to Hemoglobin for the last weeks or months. When blood glucose levels are high in diabetics, the HbA1c levels will also be high[23] Accuracy: accuracy is dependent on the age of the red blood cells of the person being tested. The longer the red blood cell life the higher the levels of blood glucose readings[24]. Limitations: there is a variation in the cut-off values ranges among patients with FPG proving to be more effective at accurately diagnosing dysglycaemia[25]. Bibliography AIHW (2014). Leading Types of ill health. https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/ill-health/ Bidani, A. K., Griffin, K. A., Epstein, M. (2012). Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Why the Suboptimal Outcomes?The American Journal of Medicine,125(11), 10571062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.04.008 DAntona G, Nabavi SM, Micheletti P, et al. Creatine, L-Carnitine, and3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation from Healthy to Diseased Skeletal Muscle.BioMed Research International. 2014;2014:613890. doi:10.1155/2014/613890. Dabla, P. K. (2010). Renal function in diabetic nephropathy.World Journal of Diabetes,1(2), 4856. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v1.i2.48 Diabetes UK. (2017). Blood Sugar Level Ranges. https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes_care/blood-sugar-level-ranges.html Dousdampanis, P., Trigka, K., Fourtounas, C. (2012). Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Elderly: a Field of Ongoing Debate.Aging and Disease,3(5), 360372. Gowda, S., Desai, P. B., Hull, V. V., Math, A. A. K., Vernekar, S. N., Kulkarni, S. S. (2009). A review on laboratory liver function tests .The Pan African Medical Journal,3, 17. Gowda, S., Desai, P. B., Kulkarni, S. S., Hull, V. V., Math, A. A. K., Vernekar, S. N. (2010). Markers of renal function tests.North American Journal of Medical Sciences,2(4), 170173. Green, Hanna FW, Green J, Issa BG, Tahrani AA, Fryer AA. Limitations of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetes screening. Practical Diabetes. 2012 Jan 1;29(1):29-31 Jger R, Purpura M, Shao A, Inoue T, Kreider RB.(2011) Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatine.Amino Acids. 2011;40(5):1369-1383. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0874-6. Higgins, C. (2016). Urea and the clinical value of measuring blood urea concentration. https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/urea-and-the-clinical-value-of-measuring-blood-urea-concentration Kang, K.-S. (2013). Abnormality on Liver Function Test.Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology Nutrition,16(4), 225232. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2013.16.4.225 Koroshi, A. (2007). Microalbuminuria, is it so important?Hippokratia,11(3), 105107. Lab Tests Online (2017). HbA1c Test. https://labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/analytes/a1c/tab/sample/ Lab Tests Online (2017). Liver Function Test https://labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/analytes/liver-panel/tab/faq/ National Kidney Foundation (2017). Tests to Measure Kidney Function, Damage and Detect Abnormalities. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneytests Nicholas, J., Charlton, J., Dregan, A., Gulliford, M. C. (2013). Recent HbA1c Values and Mortality Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Population-Based Case-Control Study.PLoS ONE,8(7), e68008. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068008 Patient (2014) Chronic Kidney Disease. https://patient.info/doctor/chronic-kidney-disease-pro Phillips, Q (2016). HbA1c Test accuracy. https://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/hba1c-test-accuracy/ Sherwani, S. I., Khan, H. A., Ekhzaimy, A., Masood, A., Sakharkar, M. K. (2016). Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients.Biomarker Insights,11, 95104. https://doi.org/10.4137/BMI.S38440

Dim Lighting Company Case Analysis free essay sample

?The Dim Lighting Company is faced with a proposal that could potentially revive themselves from the 15 percent decrease in profits they have seen over the past two years. However, the new proposal for micro-miniaturization could put the Dim Lighting Company ahead of its competitors and contribute to higher profits despite the high costs of initiating the program. Jim West is the general manager and has been running the company for five years. Robert Spinks is the director of RD and joined the company three years ago. West knows that changes have to be made in order to stay in competition with other companies; however, he must look at all of the pros and cons of each decision before any actions are taken. It’s hard to see the long-term benefit of Spink’s proposal when the company needs to make profit now in order to be in existence to benefit from the long-term results. We will write a custom essay sample on Dim Lighting Company Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I. Problems A. Macro 1. One of the biggest problems faced by Dim Lighting Company is the risk of failure and another year of lost profits if the new micro-miniaturization proposal made by Spinks is unsuccessful. The new proposal must be effective in order to keep Dim Lighting Company in competition with other similar companies. While Spinks gave the sales pitch he noted, â€Å"The energy crunch had long-term implications, and if they failed to move into new technologies, the firm would be competitively obsolete† (Brown, 2014, p. 81). 2. The Dim Lighting Company does not have the finances available without involving capital from corporate headquarters. This also puts strain on the already existing products within the company. B. Micro 1. Problems with equipment that is already in use can result in more expenses if the proposal is accepted it will create an even larger financial burden on the company. 2. If the proposal is objected, West is concerned that Spinks will resign from the company in fear of losing the head of the RD department. II. Causes 1. The company does not want to risk new products that could potentially bring down profit levels even more. The Dim Lighting Company has already suffered from 15 percent profit margin decreases the last two consecutive years. Lack of product development plays a large part in the reason for diminishing profits. The micro-miniaturization proposal may have long-term benefits; however, because of the decrease in previous years, West is worried that if the next years are not successful it could potentially harm the company’s potential for long-term advancement. 2. The Dim Lighting Company has not been maintaining its equipment. Because of this, the company has more concerns for the short-term profits than it should. If the company had taken care of the equipment for the products it already produced, management would not have to take into consideration, the finances available for the new proposal. The money would not be necessary for the equipment. 3. The company hired Spinks knowing that he left a previous place of employment because the management lacked creativity and innovation in RD. West should have realized before he hired Spinks that the same problem could potentially occur if the management at Dim Lighting Company was reluctant to accept new proposals. III. Systems Affected â€Å"A system is a set of interrelated parts unified by design to achieve some purpose or goal. Organizations are systems. Every organization can be viewed as a number of interrelated, interdependent parts, each of which contributes to total organizational functioning and to the achievement of the overall organizational goal† (Brown, 2014, p. 38). 1.